Histology Notes 8/08

Histology Notes (Tuesday April 8, 2008)

Respiratory system

Gas exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Air is mostly nitrogen

Driving force behind exchange what drives it how co2 moves out of the blood

Diffusion

Concentration difference in partial pressure

Same units in concentration

 Mechanical properties of the blood by moving the air in and out.

changing the air pressure

Air flow ventilation drive the movement do oth etaiir

Build of the carbon dioxide

No fresh oxygen thing microscopic structure

Air blood barrier

Histology diffusion barrier

Sample of different airways, just very simple of the upper areas

Figure 17-1

Larynx and pharynx

Trachea c shaped cartilages rings

Open in the back and the smooth muscle between them changes volume different the reflex-conducting airway.

Cleaning takes place cilia movement down the bronchi

It also has cartilage

Bronchiole no cartilage

Smooth muscle becomes the dominant part

Asthma

Increase in airway resistance and diff breathing

Number 19 respiratory bronchiole you see the alveoli

Thing epithelium allow for air and blood to exchange

Terminal bronchiole duct airways respiratory portion

Respiratory bronchiole board question

simple squamous epithelium

Alveolar duct

Alveolar duct will expand

Ventilation during exchange very end of the hall way

Alveolar sac (in histology) the end alveolus

17-2 trachea down to bronchioles in there no goblet cell you will see secretary cells called Clara cells

Simple columnar with goblet cells

Microtubules are motile

Cilia beat rhythmically using the ATP ACE

Dark line polymerization site

Cilia different heights and motile

Goblet cells are not motile

Basal lamina

Exocytose of the look at the drawing

Two layers of film--- hypo film

Serous water

Cilia beating in the viscous fluid

Cillia beats underneath the low viscosity area moving the ocean

Provide current flow

Gunk flows on the top and pushes it forward the mouth

Trachea and bronchi toward the mouth will be swallowed into the digestive tract. Continuous beat

Mucus cilliary elevator, against gravity. Big particles

Smoking cigarette paralytic agents and mutagens

J cell sensory cell trachea (Corina) and you cough.

Stem cell population committed stem cells to epithelial cells

Stop smoking new set of

Smoking → metaplasia phys  could reverse

dysplasia – cells abnormal dysfunctional damaged cell no normal cilia

17-3

EM level

cells in the alveoli two adjacent simple columnar cells of the upper airway

Cilia are demonstrated with basal bodies two barrels right angle

Basal bodies – centrioles

9-2 arrangement

Microtubules arise from basal body

Site for alpha and beta tubulin

Lots of junction

 You can see desmosomes

Deeper and deeper toward the lungs fewer and few cilia cells

 

17-7 bronchus

Contains cartilage cannot be bronchiole no longer

Trigger of asthma (Histamine) causes constriction

What causes massive release of histamine? Allergic reaction

In asthma smooth muscle (allergin)

Two other common triggers (smoke, cold air and exercise)

Bronchiol constriction

How do you prevent it? Also inflammation use steroid

You take beta stimulation causes relaxation beta against like epinephrine

Respiratory epithelium pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

Tons of goblet cell

17-9 BALT bronchus associated lymphoid tissue

17-12 Clara cells secretary cell produce surfactant compound

One of the characteristics of bronchiole no cartilage

Due to the muscle constriction look like scar like asthma

Small airway lots of inflammatory tissue

3D seeing in 2D

Thin wall alveolar out pocketing you still see lamina propia

End of the respiratory

Lung giant sponge each connected to respiratory bronchiole- millions of alveolar sac

Also lymphoid tissue in the bronchiole

Terminal bro

Pnuemocyte macrophages hanging out in the alveoli

Smooth muscle on the edges of the alveoli

Type two cells have adipose vesicles

Look of transition of the alveolar duct and terminal bronchiole in 17-18

Alveoli are not round

More polyhedral stable alveolar not square but have flat sides

Share vascular elements

17-19 3D what kills the macrophages (limited in amount of particulates they can break down)

Alveolar wall and pores

Take home picture

17-20

Area of Gas exchange alveolar septum

Air is the

Thin layer of surfactant hydrostatic pressure tar forces blood plasma and little gland in t and from type two pnemocyte

17-21 EM of the interalveolar septum

CHF from pulmonary 

17-22

Type II cells Phosphotydilcholine membrane

Mesothelium lining outside of the lung it does not invaginated

Simple squamus epithelium (abdominal cavity)

Mesotheliuoma is the cancer metastasis cancer not inside

associated with mesothelium lining it eh intern